Introduction to the basic principles of gas chromatography (GC)analysis

The basic principle of gas chromatography analysis:

Gas chromatography (GC)analysis is to distribute the components in the mixture between two phases, one of which is immobile (stationary phase), and the other phase (mobile phase) carries the mixture through the stationary phase and interacts with the stationary phase. Under the same driving force, different components stay in the stationary phase for different time, and then flow out from the stationary phase, which is also called chromatography or chromatography. The components are continuously dissolved and volatilized (gas-liquid chromatography) between the stationary phase and the mobile phase, or separated from each other by adsorption and desorption processes, and then enter the detector for detection.

Gas chromatography (GC) is a type of chromatography. There are two phases in the chromatography, one phase is the mobile phase and the other phase is the stationary phase. If a liquid is used as the mobile phase, it is called liquid chromatography, and a gas is used as the mobile phase, which is called gas chromatography.

Gas chromatography vials

Gas chromatography (GC)can be divided into two types according to the different stationary phases used. Gas-solid chromatography using a solid adsorbent as a stationary phase and gas-liquid chromatography using a monomer coated with a fixed solution as a stationary phase.

According to the principle of chromatographic separation, gas chromatography (GC)can be divided into two types: adsorption chromatography and partition chromatography. In gas-solid chromatography, the stationary phase is an adsorbent, gas-solid chromatography belongs to adsorption chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography belongs to distribution chromatography.

According to the chromatographic operation, the gas chromatograph (GC)belongs to the column chromatography. According to the thickness of the column used, it can be divided into two types: general packed column and capillary column. Generally, the packed column is packed in a glass or metal tube with an inner diameter of 2 to 6 mm. Capillary columns can be divided into hollow capillary columns and filled capillary columns. The hollow capillary column is directly applied to the inner wall of a glass or metal capillary having an inner diameter of only 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The filling of the capillary column has been developed in recent years, and it is to incorporate some porous solid particles into the thick wall. The glass tube is then heated and drawn into a capillary tube, typically having an inner diameter of 0.25 to 0.5 mm.